Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.588 1.012
  3 - 0 Desert kangaroo rat, Dipodmys desert, N America, Least concern |
  3 - 11,000 Giant beaver, Castoroides ohiopsis, N America |
  3 - 0 Japanese giant flying squirrel, Petaurista leucogenys, Japan, Least concern |
  3 - 0 Siberian fling squirrel, Pteromys volans, Eurasia, Least concern |
  3 - 0 Black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus, N America, Least concern |
  3 - 0 Coypu, Myocastor coypus, S S America, Least concern |
  3 - 0 Highland tuco-tuco, Ctenomys opimus, Andes, Least concern |
  2 - 0 Bonobo, Pan paniscus, Pan, Homini, Homininae, Hominidae, Simiiformes, Haplorhini, Primates, Mammalia, C Africa, Endangered |
  3 - 0 Dusky leaf monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus, 7 ss, Thailand, Near threatened |
  3 - 0 Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana, Didelphis, Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia, Marsupialia, Mammalia, N America, Least concern 1792 |
  3 - 1.5 1.5 Anancus arvernensis After a king of Rome |
 _ Modern fish/15 Swordfish, Ciphias gladius, Oceans worldwide, Present Least concern.png)  _ Modern fish/15 Swordfish, Ciphias gladius, Oceans worldwide, 3 - Present Least concern.png) 3 - 0 Swordfish, Ciphias gladius, Oceans worldwide, Least concern |
  3 - 2 1 Blunt-snouted dolphin Platalearostrum N Atlantic ocean |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/9 Pere David's deer Elaphurus davidianus S China Pliocene 3 - Present Extinct in the wild.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/9 Pere David's deer Elaphurus davidianus S China Pliocene 3 - Present Extinct in the wild.png) 3 - 0 Pere David's deer Elaphurus davidianus S China Extinct in the wild |
 _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/3 Giant warthog Metridiocherus Africa Pliocene-Pleistocene 3 - 1.5 Ma.png)  _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/3 Giant warthog Metridiocherus Africa Pliocene-Pleistocene 3 - 1.5 Ma.png) 3 - 1.5 1.5 Giant warthog Metridiocherus Africa |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/20 Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis SE Asia Present Least concern.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/20 Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis SE Asia 3 (4.25-.02) - Present Least concern.png) 4.25 - 0 Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis SE Asia Least concern |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/14 Racoon Procyon lotor N America 3 - 0 Least Concern.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/14 Racoon Procyon lotor N America 3 - 0 Least Concern.png) 3 - 0 Racoon Procyon lotor N America Least Concern |
 _ Canidae 🐶/16 Australian dingo Canis lupus dingo Australia 3 - Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Canidae 🐶/16 Australian dingo Canis lupus dingo Australia 3 - Present Vulnerable.png) 3 - 0 Australian dingo Canis lupus dingo Australia Vulnerable |
  3 - 0 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus India |
  3 - 0 Congo peafowl Afropavo co C Africa |
  3 - 30,000 Genyornis newtoni Face bird N Australia |
3 - 10,000 4 glaciations Sierra Nevada
| 1 Sherwin, pre-Tahoe largest, filling Yosemite and other valleys Yosemite Valley and other canyons in the area. Glacial systems reached depths of up to 1,200/4,000' Yosemite area. 60/97 down Tuolumne River well beyond Hetch Hetchy Valley |
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| 3 - 1.65 1.35 African mammoth Mammuthus africanavus 2nd oldest mammoth Chad, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. small ancestor of M. meriodionalis, tusk diverged more from skull than later mammoth, evolutionary dead end |
| 3 - 2 1 Sulawesi dwarf elephant |
| 3 - 2 1 Alces carnutorum, carnute elk European Wolf |
| 3 - 12,000 Lycaon sekowei canid from S Africa |
| 3 - 0 crab-eating fox C South America |
3? - 0 S American gray fox
S South America |
| 3? - 0 Cape fox Vulpes chama asse, cama fox, silver-backed fox small fox S Africa. |
| 3? - 0 kit fox Vulpes macrotis fox species N America. range primarily SW USA & N & C Mexico |
| 3 - 0 black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas or Lupulella mesomelas canine native to E & S Africa. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers. |
| 3 - 0 side-striped jackal Canis adustus, Lupulella adusta canine native to C & S Africa. Unlike smaller black-backed jackal which dwells in open plains, side-striped jackal dwells in woodland & scrub |
| 3 - 2 1 Black Canyon of Gunnison River carved. 1"/25mm 100 yrs. 833'/Million yrs |
3  Bipedal australopithecines (early hominides) evolve in savannas of Africa being hunted by Dinofelis. |
| 3 Camelids migrate to S America |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.588 1.012
2.9 Pastos Grandes Caldera 40x50km, Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, Bolivia; VEI 7; <820km2/197m2 of Pastos Grandes Ignimbrite. |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.588 1.012 |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.588 1.012
| 2.8 Horeke basalts CN New Zealand |
| 2.8 - 1.8 1 mi Lake Mataro Andes 3,950/12,960 Other lakes: Minchin, Ballivian, Cabana. |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.588 1.012
2.775±0.025 LD 350-1 Homo (?) 2013 Ethiopia Chalachew Seyoum  |
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